Type 1 diabetes and asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Type 1 diabetes and asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

• Rong Zeng,
• Zihan Wang,
• Jintao Zhang,
• Ziting Liang,
• Changjuan Xu,
• Jing Wang &
• Liang Dong

Endocrine volume 75, pages709–717 (2022)Cite this article

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Abstract

Purpose

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and asthma are both the top concurrent non-communicable diseases in the world, and the existence of a relationship between the two is an area of debate.

Methods

All eligible observational studies in PubMed and EMBASE databases from inception to August 2021 were searched for data extraction and analysis. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was evaluated using fixed-effects or random-effects models in RevMan 5.3, and I² and Cochran Q tests were used to assess the heterogeneity.

Results

22 studies with 25,578 T1D and 3,330,901 non-T1D were included in this meta‐analysis. After data analysis, there seems to be no apparent connectivity between asthma and T1D as the crude OR (cOR) was 1.07 (95%CI, 0.93–1.23). Nevertheless, after limiting the meta-analysis to 6 studies with adjusted OR (aOR) available, the results suggested a positive association between T1D and asthma (aOR, 1.15; 95%CI, 1.06–1.25). Corresponding with this, a meta-analysis of cohort studies also found a positive association between T1D and asthma with the pooled cOR of 1.27 (95% CI, 1.09–1.49) and aOR of 1.15 (95%CI, 1.05–1.26). Further analysis of 7 studies in which the diagnosis of asthma precedes T1D onset revealed that asthma patients are at increased risk of subsequent T1D with the pooled cOR of 1.23 (95%CI, 1.04–1.44) and aOR of 1.58 (95% CI, 1.11–2.24).

Our meta-analysis suggests a possible association between T1D and asthma, and patients who were previously diagnosed with asthma carried higher odds of developing T1D.

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Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this article and its supplementary material files. Further enquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.

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Funding

This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81770029).

Author information

Author notes

1. These authors contributed equally: Rong Zeng, Zihan Wang, Jintao Zhang

Affiliations

1. Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China

Rong Zeng, Zihan Wang, Jintao Zhang, Ziting Liang, Changjuan Xu & Jing Wang

2. Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China

Rong Zeng, Zihan Wang, Jintao Zhang, Ziting Liang, Changjuan Xu, Jing Wang & Liang Dong

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Liang Dong.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethics

This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the guidelines of the PRISMA statement.

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